Crystallographic texture of aluminium alloy samples produced with additive friction stir-deposition

Keywords

additive friction stirs deposition, crystallographic texture, aluminum alloy, inverse pole figures, property, anisotropy.

Cite as

Usov V. V., Pavlenko D. V., Shkatulyak N. M., and Iovchev S. I. Crystallographic texture of aluminium alloy samples produced with additive friction stir-deposition. Physicochemical Mechanics of Materials. 2025. 61(1), 019–024.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/pcmm2025.01.019

Abstract

The crystallographic texture formation in AK9ch aluminum alloy (9.6% Si; 0.3% Mg; 0.1% Fe; 0.1% Mn, the rest – Al) specimens manufactured using the Additive Friction Stir Deposition (AFS-D) technology at room temperature is investigated. The analysis was conducted using inverse pole figures (IPFs) obtained by X-ray diffraction methods. The results reveal the presence of shear, torsion, deformation, and recrystalization texture com­ponents in both types of specimens. The texture of horizontal and vertical samples differs in the set of texture components and the character of their dispersion. The texture intensity of both types of specimens is ill defined. This testifies to the possibility to manufacture AK9ch alloy components using AFS-D technology with reduced anisotropy.

References

1. S. Palanivel, and R. S. Mishra, “Building without melting: a short review of friction-based additive manufacturing techniques,” Int. J. of Additive and Subtractive Mater. Manufact., 1, Is. 1, 82-103 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJASMM.2017.082991
2. H. Z. Yu, M. E. Jones, G. W. Brady, R. J. Griffiths, D. Garcia, H. A. Rauch, C. D. Cox, and N. Hardwick, “Non-beam-based metal additive manufacturing enabled by additive friction stir deposition,” Scr. Mater., 153, 122-131 (2018). https://meldmanufacturing.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Non-Beam-Based-Metal-Additive-Manufacturing-Enabled-by-MELD-FKA-Additive-Friction-Stir-Deposition.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.03.025
3. M. K. Kulekci., U. Esme, and B. Buldum, “Critical analysis of friction stir-based manufacturing processes,” Int. J. of Adv. Manufact. Technol., 85, 1687-1712 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-8071-5
4. J. Griffiths, M. E. J. Perry, J. M. Sietins, Y. H. Zhu, N. Hardwick, C. D. Cox, H. A. Rauch, and H. Z. Yu, “A perspective on solid-state additive manufacturing of aluminum matrix composites using MELD,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 28, 648-656 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3649-3
5. E. M. Sefene, “State-of-the-art of selective laser melting process: A comprehensive review,” J. of Manufact. Systems, 63 250-274 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2022.04.002
6. M. Li, “Development and prospect of friction surfacing technology,” in: Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling, Atlantis Press (2015), pp. 244-246.
7. J. P. Schultz, K. D. Creehan, Patent of USA US8636194 b2, Publ. 2014.
8. D. V. Pavlenko, D. V. Tkach, Y. V. Vyshnepolskyi, M. O. Schetinina and O. F. Tarasov, “High-Pressure Torsion: A simulation approach for additive friction stir deposition processes,” Adv. in Mater. Sci. and Eng. (2024). Article number 7424560. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7424560
9. O. G. Rivera, P. G. Allison, L. N. Brewer, O. L. Rodriguez, J. B. Jordon, T. Liu, W. R. Whittington, R. L. Martens, Z. McClelland, C. J. T. Mason, L. Garcia, J. Q. Su, and N. Hardwick, “Influence of texture and grain refinement on the mechanical behavior of AA2219 fabricated by high shear solid state material deposition,” Mater. Sci. and Eng.: A, 724, Is. 2, 547-558 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.03.088
10. R. J. Griffiths, D. Garcia, J. Song, V. K. Vasudevan, M. A. Steiner, W. Cai, and H. Z. Yu, “Solid-state additive manufacturing of aluminum and copper using additive friction stir depo¬sition: Process-microstructure linkages” Materialia, 15 (2021). Article number 100967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100967
11. M. E. Perry, R. J. Grif¬fiths, D. Garcia, J. M. Sietins, Y. Zhu, and H. Z. Yu, “Morphological and microstructural investigation of the non-planar interface formed in solid-state metal additive manufacturing by additive friction stir deposition” Additive Manufact., 35 (2020). Article number 101293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101293
12. C. J. T. Mason, R. I. Rodriguez, D. Z. Avery, B. J. Phillips, B. P. Bernarding, M. B. Williams, S. D. Cobbs, J. B. Jordon, and P. G. Allison, “Process-structure-property relations for as-deposited solid-state additively manufactured high-strength aluminum alloy,” Additive Manufact., 40 (2021). Article number 101879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101879
13. W. Tang, X. Yang, C. Tian, and Y. Xu, “Interfacial grain structure, texture and tensile behavior of multilayer deformation-based additively manufactured Al 6061 alloy,” Materials Characterization, 196 (2023). Article number 112646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2023.112646
14. A. Sharifi, F. Khodabakhshi, and A. P. Gerlich, “Suppressing anisotropy in additive manufac¬turing by shear crystallographic texture development during multi-layer friction stir deposi¬tion,” Mater. Sci. and Eng. A, 903 (2024). Article number 146640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2024.146640
15. V. V. Usov, N. M. Shkatuliak, N. I. Rybak, M. O. Tsarenko, D. V. Pavlenko, D. V. Tkach, and O. O. Pedash, “Texture and anisotropy of mechanical properties of Inconel 718 alloy products obtained by 3D-printing from powders,” Metallofizika i Noveishiye Tekhnologii [in Russian], 45, Is. 1, 111-125 (2023).
16. V. V. Usov, N. M. Shkatuliak, D. V. Pavlenko, and O. M. Tkachuk, “Anisotropy of elastic properties of Inconel 718 alloy specimens obtained by 3D printing,” Mater. Sci., 59, Is. 4, 414-419 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11003-024-00792-9
17. S. S. Gorelik, L. N. Rastorguev, and Yu. A. Skakov, Roentgenography and Electron-optical Analysis [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1981).
18. M. M. Borodkina, and E. N. Spector, Roentgenographic Analysis of the Metals and Alloys Texture [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1981). URL: https://www.studmed.ru/borodkina-mm-spektor-e-rentgenograficheskiy-analiz-tekstury-metallov-i-splavov_3247096b89c.html
19. X-ray Diffraction (XRD). URL: https://ywcmatsci.yale.edu/xrd
20. P. R. Morris, “Reducing the effects of nonuniform pole distribution in inverse pole figure studies,” J. of Appl. Phys., 30, Is. 4, 595-596 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1702413
21. S. M. Lavrys, I. M. Pohrelyuk, and K. Shliakhetka, “Corrosion resistance of additively manu¬factured titanium alloys in hydrochloric acid,” Mater. Sci., 58, No. 5, 585-590 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11003-023-00702-5
22. S. V. Adzhamskyi, G. A. Kononenko, and R. V. Podolskyi, “Mechanical properties of Inconel 718 alloy produced using selective laser melting technology with dynamic focusing on application surface,” Mater. Sci., 59, No. 4, 420-425 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11003-024-00793-8