ISSN 0430-6252. Physicochemical Mechanics of Materials. 2023.
Volume 59, Issue 5

Kinetics of gas carburizing of Zr–1% Nb alloy

Keywords

Zr–1%Nb alloy, carburizing, surface layer, microstructure, weight change kinetics, microhardness, crystal lattice parameters.Zr–1%Nb alloy, carburizing, surface layer, microstructure, weight change kinetics, microhardness, crystal lattice parameters.

Cite as

Trush V. S., Pohrelyuk I. M., Luk’yanenko A. G., Kravchyshyn T. M., Fedirko V. M., Korendii V. M., and Kovalchuk I. V. Kinetics of gas carburizing of Zr–1% Nb alloy. Physicochemical Mechanics of Materials. 2023. 59(5), 104-110.

https://doi.org/10.15407/pcmm2023.05.104

Abstract

The kinetic characteristics of thin-sheet (approx. 1 mm) Zr–1%Nb alloy samples after treatment in a carbon-containing gas medium (PAr+C3H8= 0.106 Ра) in a wide temperature range of 650–850°С and time 1; 5 and 10 h were investigated.  The carburizing of the alloy at temperatures of 650 and 750°C occurs according to a law close to linear (n≈1), and at 850°C according to a law close to parabolic (n≈2).  The activation energy of the alloy carburizing in the temperature range of 650–850°C at the propane partial pressure = 0.018 Pa was 2.21 kJ/mol. The distribution of microhardness and structure of the near-surface layers of the alloy was shown.  The microstructure of the near-surface layers of the alloy after carburizing was determined.  The a-Zr and ZrC phase content on the alloy surface after treatment in a carbon-containing gas environment is presented.

References

  1. D. J. M. King, A.J. Knowles, D. Bowden, M. R. Wenman, S. Capp, M. Gorley, J. Shimwell, L. Packer, M. R. Gilbert, and A. Harte, “High temperature zirconium alloys for fusion energy,” J. of Nuclear Mater., 559, art. no. 153431 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153431
  2. V. G. Kirichenko, and A. I. Kirdin, “Nuclear physics metallurgy of zirconium alloys,” Visnyk Karazin Kharkiv. Nat. Univ. [in Ukrainian], Is. 823, 25-45 (2008).
  3. M. I. A. Sagiroun, X. R. Cao, W. M. K. Helal, and J. N. Njoroge, “Review of development of zirconium alloys as a fuel cladding material and its oxidation behavior at high-temperature steam,” Int. J. of Eng. Res. in Africa, 46, 7-14 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.46.7
  4. A. T. Motta, A. Couet, and R. J. Comstock, “Corrosion of zirconium alloys used for nuclear fuel cladding,” Annual Rev. of Mater. Res., 45, 311-343 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070214-020951
  5. S. Yagnik, and A. Garde, “Zirconium alloys for LWR fuel cladding and core internals,” Struct. Alloys for Nuclear Energy Appl., 247-291 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397046-6.00007-1
  6. D. Duglas, Zirconium Metallurgy [in Russian], Atomizdat, Moscow (1975).
  7. C. Lemaignan, and A. T. Motta, “Zirconium alloys in nuclear applications,” in: Material Science and Technology, Vol. 10, Wiley-VCH, USA, New York (1994), pp. 1-51.
  8. N. A. Azarenkov, L. A. Bulavin, I. I. Zalyubovskyi, V. G. Kirichenko, I. M. Neklyudov, and B. A. Shilyaev, Nuclear Power Engineering [in Russian], Karazin Kharkiv. Nat. Univ. Publ. House, Kharkiv (2012).
  9. G. Bart, and J. Bertsch, “Zirconium alloys for fuel element structures,” CHIMIA Int. J. for Chemistry, 59, Is. 12, 938-943 (2005). https://doi.org/10.2533/000942905777675480
  10. Z. Zhao, F. Liu, Q. Wang, J. Li, L. Zhong, Yu. Xu, P. Hui, J. Zhu, F. Yan, and M. Zhao, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrC coating on zirconium fabricated by interstitial carburization,” J. of Alloys and Compounds, 834, art. no. 155110 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155110
  11. Y. Katoh, G. Vasudevamurthy, T. Nozawa, and L. L. Snead, “Properties of zirconium carbide for nuclear fuel applications,” J. of Nuclear Mater., 441, Is. 1-3, 718-742 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.05.037
  12. G. Murtaza, S. S. Hussain, N. U. Rehman, S. Naseer, M. Shafiq, and M. Zakaullah, “Carburizing of zirconium using a low energy Mather type plasma focus,” Surf. and Coat. Techn., 205, Is. 8-9, 3012-3019 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.11.015
  13. E. Kardoulaki, N. Abdul-Jabbar, D. Byler, M. M. Hassan, S. Mann, T. Coons, and J. White, “Carburization kinetics of zircalloy-4 and its implication for small modular reactor,” Performance Mater., 15, art. no. 8008 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228008
  14. D. Q. Peng, X. D. Bai, and B. S. Chen, “Corrosion behavior of carbon-implanted M5 alloy in 1M H2SO4,” Appl. Surf. Sci., 245, Is. 1-4, 215-222 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.10.012
  15. Y. Xu, J. Roques, C. Domain, E. Simoni, “Carbon diffusion in bulk hcp zirconium: a multi-scale approach,” J. of Nuclear Mater., 473, 61-67 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.02.010
  16. V. S. Trush, О. H. Lukianenko, and P. І. Stoev, “Influence of modification of the surface layer by penetrating impurities on the long-term strength of Zr-1% Nb alloy,” Mater. Sci., 55, No. 4, 585-589 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11003-020-00342-z
  17. V. N. Fedirko, A. G. Luk’yanenko, and V. S. Trush, “Solid-solution hardening of the surface layer of titanium alloys. Part 2. Effect on metallophysical properties,” Metal Sci. and Heat Treat., 56, Is. 11, 661-664 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-015-9818-1
  18. I. M. Pohrelyuk, J. Padgurskas, S. M. Lavrys, A. G. Luk’yanenko, V. S. Trush, and R. Kreivaitis, “Topography, hardness, elastic modulus and wear resistance of nitride on titanium,” in: Proc. of the 9th Int. Sci Conf. Balttrib 2017 (November 16-17, 2017, Kaunas, Lithuania), Kaunas (2017), pp. 41-46. https://doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2017.09
  19. V. M. Fedirko, O. H. Luk’yanenko, V. S. Trush, P. I. Stoev, M. A. Tykhonovs’kyi, “Effect of thermochemical treatment in regulated gas media on the thermal resistance of Zr-1%Nb alloy,” Mater. Sci., 56, No. 2, 209-215 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11003-016-9945-x
  20. V. S. Trush, V. М. Fedirko, V. М. Voyevodin, P. І. Stoev, and V. А. Panov, “Influence of the functional layer on the operating characteristics of Zr-1%Nb alloy at a temperature of 380°С,” Mater. Sci., 57, No. 2, 234-239 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11003-021-00537-y
  21. Ya. D. Kogan, B. A. Kolachev, Yu. V. Levinskyi, O. P. Nazimov, and A. V. Fishgoit, Constants of Metals Interaction with Gases [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1987).
  22. R. P. Agarwala, and A. R. Paul, “Diffusion of carbon in zirconium and some of its alloys,” J. of Nuclear Mater., 58, 25-30 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(75)90162-2