Obtaining biodegradable materials based on magnesium using powder metallurgy methods (A review)

Keywords

magnesium, biodegradable materials, implants, corrosion resistance, alloying, biocompatibility.

Cite as

Meng Xianghui. Obtaining biodegradable materials based on magnesium using powder metallurgy methods (A review). Physicochemical Mechanics of Materials. 2025. 61(4), 091-095.

https://doi.org/10.15407/pcmm2025.04.091

Abstract

A multifactorial analysis of the challenges associated with ensuring optimal characteristics of studied materials, including mechanical properties, biocompatibi­lity, and controlled degradation rates is carried out. The structural features of magnesium alloys and their alloying methods, which influence the final material properties, are discussed. A review is provided on the impact of calcium, zinc, aluminum, lithium, and rare-earth metals on corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and regulated biodegradability. Technological aspects of manufacturing magnesium biomaterials are analyzed, including casting, powder metallurgy, thermomechanical processing, and the application of biocompatible coatings. Particular attention is paid to the effect of the microstructure of magnesium alloys on their behavior in biological environments. The physicochemical processes occurring during material dissolution are investigated, and the impact of corrosion products on surrounding tissues is evaluated. The review on the current research on the development of biodegradable magnesium-based materials, which have found widespread application in the biomedical field, particu­larly in the production of temporary implants is presented. It is established that magnesium alloys, especially those with rare-earth element additives obtained by powder metallurgy methods, are prospective.

References

1. V. Badisha, R. S. Buradagunta, and R. S. Kumar, “Magnesium based composites: revolutionized biodegradable temporary implants for biomedical applications,” SSRN Electronic J., 1-44 (2022). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4284403
2. T. M. Bedair, Y. Heo, J. Ryu, H. M. Bedair, W. Park, and D. K. Han, “Biocompatible and functional inorganic magnesium ceramic particles for biomedical applications,” Biomaterials Sci., 9, Is. 6, 1903-1923 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0BM01934H
3. P. Liu, J.-M. Wang, X.-T. Yu, X.-B. Chen, S.-Q. Li, D.-C. Chen, S.-K. Guan, R.-C. Zeng, and L.-Y. Cui, “Corrosion resistance of bioinspired DNA-induced Ca-P coating on biodegradable magnesium alloy,” J. of Magnesium and Alloys, 7, No. 1, 144-154 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2019.01.004
4. Y. Yahşi, N. Aslan, L. F. Güleryüz, and R. Ipek, “Investigation of dry sliding wear behavior of Mg-SiC alloys produced by powder metallurgy method,” Hacettepe J. of Biology and Chemistry, 50, Is. 3, 295-299 (2022). https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1033591
5. R. V. P. Kaviti, D. Jeyasimman, G. Parande, M. Gupta, and R. Narayanasamy, “Investigation on dry sliding wear behavior of Mg/BN nanocomposites,” J. of Magnesium and Alloys, 6, No. 3, 263-276 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2018.05.005
6. F. Kelen, “Processing and characterization of magnesium matrix composites reinforced by nickel particles,” Afyon Kocatepe University J. of Sci. and Eng., 23, No. 5, 263-276 (2023). https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1207488
7. E. Kuram, PLA-based biocomposites and bionanocomposites in the biomedical and healthcare applications, in Natural fiber-reinforced PLA composites, ed. by. M. Jawaid, M. Thariq, and F. Asim, Elsevier, Amsterdam (2025), pp. 211-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95247-7.00005-2
8. K. Li, and G. Xie, Development of Mg-based bulk metallic glasses and applications in biomedical field, in Magnesium Alloys – Processing, Potential and Applications, ed. by T. A. Tański, K. Cesarz-Andraczke, and E. Jonda, IntechOpen (2023), pp. 1-16.
9. M. M. De Castro, D. R. Lopes, and L. V. Dias, Mg-based composites for biomedical applications, in Magnesium Alloys Structure and Properties, ed. by T. A. Tańsk,i and P. Jarka (2021), pp. 1-18.
10. N. S. H. M. Rodzi, H. Zuhailawati, and B. K. Dhindaw, “Mechanical and degradation behaviour of biodegradable magnesium-zinc/hydroxyapatite composite with different powder mixing techniques,” J. of Magnesium and Alloys, 7, Is. 4, 566-576 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2019.11.003
11. V. Packkirisamy, “Magnesium alloy-based composites for biomedical applications: selection and use,” Juniper Online J. Mater. Sci. 9, Is. 21-17 (2025). https://doi.org/10.19080/JOJMS.2025.09.555758
12. M.-S. Song, R.-C. Zeng, Y.-F. Ding, R. W. Li, M. Easton, I. Cole, N. Birbilis, and X.-B. Chen, “Recent advances in biodegradation controls over Mg alloys for bone fracture management: a review,” J. of Mater. Sci. & Technol., 35, Is. 4, 535-544 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2018.10.008
13. A. Saberi, M. S. Baltatu, and P. Vizureanu, “Recent advances in magnesium-magnesium oxide nanoparticle composites for biomedical applications,” Bioengineering, 11, Is. 5, 508-519 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11050508
14. S. Sankaranarayanan, and M. Gupta, “Emergence of God’s favorite metallic element: magnesium based materials for engineering and biomedical applications,” Mater. Today: Proc., 39, 311-316 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.220
15. C. Thompson, C. González, and J. Lorca, “Additively-manufactured Mg wire-reinforced PLDL-matrix composites for biomedical applications,” J. of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Mater., 153 (2024). Article number 106496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106496