The influence of chemical elements content and deformation and thermal treatment on the formation of wheel steel phase composition

Keywords

wheel steel, alloying, microstructure, hot plastic deformation, non-metallic inclusions.

Cite as

Filonenko N. Yu., Babachenko O. I., Kononenko H. A., and Safronova O. A. The influence of chemical elements content and deformation and thermal treatment on the formation of wheel steel phase composition. Physico­chemical Mechanics of Materials. 2022. 58(2), 042-047.

Abstract

The phase composition of two test steels: grades K and K+ (with additional complex alloying with aluminum, nitrogen and titanium) and known steel of grade 2 for railway wheels are compared. Complex alloying of steel with aluminum, titanium and nitrogen leads to the formation after crystallization of a structure that has a finer grain structure and an increased volume fraction of pearlite. It is shown that during additional alloying after crystallization the multilayer inclusions, oxides, nitrides and carbonitrides, which are located at the grain boundaries and in the body of the pearlite grain are formed. Hot plastic defor­mation reduces the volume fraction and oxides size. Tempering leads to the fact that tita­nium nitrides and carbonitrides remain in the structure. The use of complex alloying of steel grades K+ and K leads to increased plasticity, strength and hardness compared to the properties of the known grade 2 steel.

References

1. O. P. Ostash, V. H. Anofriev, I. M. Andreiko, L. A. Muradyan, and V. V. Kulyk, “On the concept of selection of steels for high-strength railroad wheels,” Mater. Sci.,48, No. 6, 697–703 (2013).
2. O. P. Ostash, I. M. Andreiko, V. V. Kulyk, O. I. Babachenko, and V. V. Vira, “Influence of the mode of thermal treatment and load ratio on the cyclic crack-growth resistance of wheel steels,” Mater. Sci.,45, No. 2, 211–219 (2009).
3. V. V. Kulyk, S. Y. Shipitsyn, O. P. Ostash, Z. A. Duriagina, and V. V. Vira, “Mechanical behavior of wheel steels with solid solution and precipitation hardening,” Arch. Mat. Sci. Eng.,95, No. 2, 49–54 (2019).
4. M. C. J. Marker, B. Skolyszewska-Kühberger, H. S. Effenberger, C. Schmetterer, and K. W. Richter, “Phase equilibria and structural investigations in the system Al–Fe–Si,” Intermetallics,No. 12, 1919–1929 (2011).
5. M. C. J. Marker, L. I. Duarte, C. Leinenbach, and K. W. Richter, “Characterization of the Fe-rich corner of Al–FeSi–Ti,” Intermetallics,38–49 (2013).
6. Y. Tu, L. Huang, Q. Zhang, X. Zhou, and J. Jiang, “Effect of Si on the partitioning of Mn between cementite and ferrite,” Mater. Sci. Technol.,No. 7, 780–785 (2018).
7. G. Miyamoto, J. C. Oh, K. Hono, T. Furuhara, and T. Maki, “Effect of partitioning of Mn and Si on the growth kinetics of cementite in tempered Fe–0.6 wt.% C martensite,” Acta Mater.,15, No. 55, 5027–5038 (2007).
8. A. Ciaś, “Chemical reactions during sintering of Fe–Cr–Mn–Si–Ni–Mo–C steels with special reference to processing in semi-closed containers,” Sci. Sintering,1, No. 47, 61–69 (2015).
9. S. Nedjad, M. Ahmadabad, and T. Furuhara, “Correlation between the inter granular brittleness and precipitation reactions during isothermal aging of and Fe–Ni–Mn maraging steel,” Mat. Sci. Eng. A,No. 1–2, 105–112 (2008).
10. C. Krishna, A. Marcel, and H. F. Sluiter, “First-principles calculations on stabilization of iron carbides (Fe₃C, Fe₅C₂, and η-Fe₂C) in steels by common alloying elements,” Metallurg. Mater. Transact. A,No. 43, 4436–4444 (2012).
11. M. Caron, G. Gagnon, V. Fortin, J. F. Currie, L. Ouellet, Y. Tremblay, M. Biberger, and R. Reynolds, “Calculation of a Al–Ti–O–N quaternary isotherm diagram for the prediction of stable phases in TiN/Al alloy contact metallization,” J. Appl. Phys.,No. 79, 44–68 (1996).
12. A. S. Bhansali, D. H. Ko, and R. Sinclair, “Phase reactions at semiconductor metallization interfaces,” J. Electron. Mater.,No. 19, 1171– 1175 (1990).
13. S. V. Tverdokhlebova, “Physics. Radioelectronics,” Dnipro: Visn. Dnipropetrovsk Nats. Univ.,No. 14(12/1), 100–104 (2007).
14. O. V. Akymov and N. S. Mokhammed, “The effect of heat treatment on the properties of the new iron-base alloy,” East.-Europ. J. Enterprise Technol.,No. 6/11(78), 35–40 (2015).
15. N. Filonenko, A. Babachenko, G. Kononenkо, and E. Domina, “Solubility of carbon, manganese and silicon in α-iron of Fe–Mn–Si–C alloys,” East Europ. J. Phys.,2020, No. 4, 90–94.
16. P. Głowacz, M. Tenerowicz-Żaba, M. Sułowski, and J. Konstanty, “Sintered Fe–Mn–Si–C steels,” Int. J. “NDT Days”,No. 3, 300– 306 (2019).
17. N. Yu. Filonenko, O. I. Babachenko, H. A. Kononenko, and S. A. Baskevich, “Investigation of the structural composition of Fe–Mn–Si–Ti–Al–NC alloys and the solubility of elements in α-iron,” East Europ. J. Phys., 4, 120–123 (2021);